Post-earthquake fire performance of reinforced concrete columns

Post-earthquake fire (PEF) is a relatively frequent disaster, but its damage on reinforcement concrete (RC) members is complicated and usually affected by uncertain factors. Earthquake damage leads to the decreasing of the stress and deformation properties of structures before the fire disaster begins. Even though it is difficult to figure out the exact damage principal of the PEF structures, there are several efforts focused on it. The main innovation of this paper relates to the extent of the earthquake damage on the fire resistance of the PEF RC columns, for which there has been little study in the past. The earthquake damage of an RC structure under a shaking table test is presented first, and the simulation models of the PEF RC columns are established. Then, the temperature field analysis of the PEF RC columns exposed in ISO 834 fire curve is carried out, from which the temperature contours and curves with the different spalling forms are employed. Finally, the prediction equations of the compressive bearing capacity reduction factor of the PEF RC columns are proposed.     

Seismic vulnerability assessment of reinforced concrete silo considering granular material‐structure interaction

As a special shell structure, silos are used in storing a wide range of multitudinous granular materials. However, seldom have researchers assessed seismic vulnerability of the reinforced concrete (RC) silo. This paper aims at studying the seismic vulnerability assessment of a silo, which is located in Zhoushan, China. Prior to assessing the seismic vulnerability of the selected RC silo, the validation of the hypoplastic constitutive model, which is used to simulate granular materials, is studied. After discussing the validation of the hypoplastic theory, the numerical model considering granular material‐structure interaction is developed by means of the ABAQUS software. And the numerical simulation results are compared with the experimental data obtained from a shaking table test discussed in order to confirm the validation of the numerical model, which is used to study the seismic vulnerability of the RC silo. Then the seismic fragility assessment of the selected RC silo is performed using the incremental dynamic analysis. The analytical results showed that the hypoplastic theory can be used to simulate the stored materials in the silo considering the collapse property before entering plastic state of granular materials. For the design basic acceleration, the fragility curves of the selected RC silo showed that the probability of exceeding the no or light damage state was about 2.12%. For the maximum considered earthquake, the exceeding probability of no or slight and the moderate damage states was 17.63% and 1.31%, respectively. With respect of the severe and total damage state, the exceeding probabilities were almost zero. Therefore, the selected RC silo structure has enough safety stock to withstand strong earthquakes in the future. Finally, a general design procedure considering seismic fragility assessment was presented in order to provide references for other structure design. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

模型嵌岩桩推出试验及其填隙材料遴选研究

嵌岩桩模型试验,需要在桩身贴片,而现浇桩贴片困难,所以采用预制桩的形式,这就需要解决预制桩与桩周岩面的接触面问题。试验采用不同类型胶凝材料填补桩岩界面缝隙,也选用了不同类型基岩,并进行推出试验探索其承载特性,并遴选出最优的填隙材料进行嵌岩桩模型试验。试验结果表明:高强度水泥砂浆能较好地模拟桩岩界面接触作用。     

膨胀土微结构对膨胀行为的影响

评估膨胀土的膨胀行为对于膨胀土地区的结构设计十分重要。因降雨入渗,膨胀土在垂直方向和水平方向均产生膨胀变形,当膨胀变形受抑制时将产生膨胀压力,影响其周围结构的稳定性。为揭示膨胀土在增湿膨胀过程中出现各向异性的原因,从微观角度出发,通过电镜扫描(SEM)对百色中膨胀土和枝江弱膨胀土的微观结构进行观察,并通过图像处理技术统计分析膨胀土内黏土矿物颗粒的层状排列。通过研发的二维膨胀仪和改进的试件制备方法,从宏观角度测得了侧限条件下的两向膨胀规律。研究结果表明,膨胀土的微观结构呈片状且面-面相叠;当膨胀土处于天然松散状态时,其内部的黏土矿物颗粒随机定向排列且集聚;压实后,因受各向不均等应力作用,黏土矿物颗粒开始趋向于水平层状排列;干密度越大,土样越密实,其水平层状排列越显著。侧限条件下,两向的膨胀规律表现出显著的差异,干密度越大,膨胀性越强,这种差异就越明显。然而,对黏土矿物颗粒来说,其膨胀的方向垂直于其长轴,高度的水平定向是造成膨胀土在宏观上表现出膨胀各向异性的原因,这种两向的膨胀差异受到干密度和膨胀性的影响,难以做出预测,建议在工程实践中实测两向的膨胀规律。     

基于VMD和AP聚类的结构损伤识别方法

为了能够用少量无标签监测数据识别结构损伤状态,提出一种创新的损伤识别方法。首先将试验中各个长标距光纤布拉格(FBG)传感器测得的动态响应数据进行变分模态分解(VMD),提取分量信号(IMF)的时域特征和频域特征,通过Relief-F算法选择出各个传感器信号的敏感特征,组合成敏感特征集输入亲和传播(AP)聚类算法中进行损伤识别。本文采用两组不同的试验来验证方法的效果和鲁棒性,在两组试验中分别获得了100%和98.7%的损伤识别率,结果表明方法具有实际应用价值。     

Gini Coefficient for Voltage Security Assessment of Multi-stage Transmission Expansion Planning

Due to the voltage security uncertainty caused by construction sequence in multi-stage transmission expansion planning (MTEP) in bulk power grids, it is necessary to appropriately arrange the construction sequence of the MTEP schemes to reduce voltage security risk. The Gini coefficient is widely used to weigh the gap of residents' income distribution. In this paper, the voltage security Gini coefficient is defined as the voltage security risk index of the MTEP scheme, and is presented to quantitatively evaluate the entire voltage security of one MTEP scheme. Voltage security evaluation model of the MTEP is established based on voltage security Gini coefficient. Compared to the stabilization cost, the proposed model directly reflects the voltage security of the MTEP scheme, and the local optimum is avoided. The presented method is applied on the IEEE 118-bus 54-generator test system. Results show the validity and effectiveness of the proposed model.     

基于模态分析的风电场并网谐波谐振研究

针对风电场并网时易发生的谐波谐振问题,采用模态分析法对风电场并网系统的节点导纳矩阵进行解耦处理,并通过特征值分解确定其谐振频率、谐振中心等相关信息。首先建立并网LCL逆变器等效诺顿模型和电网等效模型,基于已建立模型,采用模态分析法分析风电场并网谐振现象并给出各节点谐振参与因子、谐振中心等谐振信息。基于仿真平台PSCAD按照某99 MW风电场参数搭建实例仿真模型,在验证模态分析法可行性的同时,深入研究随着风电场集电线路长度和风机并网台数改变时的并网谐振各节点参与因子与谐振中心的变化规律。     

m序列伪随机动态测试信号建模与压缩检测方法

针对智能电网中动态负荷对电能计量的影响问题,建立了m序列伪随机动态测试信号的参数模型,并分析了该测试信号的统计特性;证明了该动态测试信号的频域稀疏性,采用压缩感知理论建立了伪随机动态测试信号的压缩感知检测系统模型,采用稳态优化方法构建了压缩感知测量矩阵;在此基础上,针对m序列伪随机动态测试信号,提出了电能量值的压缩感知测量方法;仿真分析了长度为255位、511位、1023位单周期和多周期m序列动态测试信号的相对误差,误差均小于10~(-12),可忽略不计,表明所提压缩感知测量方法能够准确测量伪随机动态测试信号的电能量值。     

GIS局部放电特高频传感器有效高度的比对测试

为提高气体绝缘金属封闭式开关设备(GIS)局部放电特高频(UHF)检测技术现场应用的有效性,有必要对UHF传感器耦合性能进行校核。为此,建立了基于吉赫兹横电磁波(GTEM)小室的UHF传感器有效高度测试平台,采用0.3~1.5 GHz频段内的平均有效高度和该频段内有效高度大于等于2 mm的百分比表征UHF传感器的耦合性能。基于GTEM750小室,采用时域脉冲和扫频参考法对UHF传感器的有效高度进行了比对测试,并与GTEM1500小室的测试结果进行了比较;基于GTEM750小室的时域脉冲参考法,讨论了UHF传感器类型、工装、安装角度对有效高度测试结果的影响。研究结果表明,不同方法和平台对UHF传感器在0.3~1.5 GHz频段内的平均有效高度测试结果的偏差在±1 mm以内;UHF传感器类型、工装、安装角度对有效高度有显著的影响。     

重力及其释放下空间机械臂驱动力差异及模型研究

为降低空间机构系统能耗,减小驱动力地面设计裕度,提高空间机构控制精确度,以四自由度仿人机械臂为对象,研究不同重力环境下的驱动力差异及关键影响因素。首先基于Klein算子与虚功原理建立了考虑关节摩擦的四自由度仿人机械臂动力学模型。然后通过仿真研究不同重力环境下摩擦、关节角速度、末端负载对驱动力矩的影响,并对影响空间驱动力矩的关键因素进行分析。进而参照仿真研究搭建试验平台,在关节轴线不同取向条件下进行驱动力矩差异研究,试验验证了仿真分析的正确性。最后基于试验结果修正摩擦模型并采用PSO算法辨识模型参数,得到适用于不同重力环境下的关节摩擦模型,改进了机械臂的理论建模结果。